science

Conclusions and Recommendations: Amazonian Entheogen Therapy for the treatment of U.S. Military Veterans. // Melanie Boling, Graduate Student of Neuropsychology, Harvard University.

Conclusions and Recommendations

“Ayahuasca brew consists of the ayahuasca vine or Banisteriopsis caapi and an admixture like the chacruna leaves or Psychotria viridis. Ayahuasca effects are caused by the synergistic interaction of β-carbolines (harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroarmine) contained in Banisteriopsis caapi stalks combined with the N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) from Psychotria viridis leaves, a potent agonist to serotonin (5-HT) receptors.”

“Ayahuasca brew consists of the ayahuasca vine or Banisteriopsis caapi and an admixture like the chacruna leaves or Psychotria viridis. Ayahuasca effects are caused by the synergistic interaction of β-carbolines (harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroarmine) contained in Banisteriopsis caapi stalks combined with the N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) from Psychotria viridis leaves, a potent agonist to serotonin (5-HT) receptors.”

Many veterans are trapped in their trauma and plant medicine has provided the means for releasing trauma during their psychedelic experience (Veterans Are Turning to Ayahuasca for PTSD Relief, n.d.).

A small shamanic ceremony would also allow for facilitators and shamans alike to stay true to their culture. Plant Medicine Healing Centers and Clinics allow shamans; tribal members; and facilitators to continue practicing the traditions of their culture and making a living while doing so; all the while preserving and safeguarding a living history allows for more generations to learn the way of the rainforest through plant medicine.

Healing centers lower the dependent variable of a tribe from going extinct; or moving further away from traditional ways that are not successfully being passed onto the younger generations (Plotkin, 2021).

Melanie Boling and Expeditionary Service Dog River Roux with the healers of a Shibipo Tribe Healing Center in the Andes Mountains of Peru (Imagery Beyond Borders, January 2021).

Melanie Boling and Expeditionary Service Dog River Roux with the healers of a Shibipo Tribe Healing Center in the Andes Mountains of Peru (Imagery Beyond Borders, January 2021).

“Benefits obtained from the brew intake, such as mind healing, increased self-knowledge, improved memory and persistently elevated mood. It has gained recent traction with U.S. Military Veterans for seeking healing from treatment-resistant mental illness such as Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Depression.”

“Benefits obtained from the brew intake, such as mind healing, increased self-knowledge, improved memory and persistently elevated mood. It has gained recent traction with U.S. Military Veterans for seeking healing from treatment-resistant mental illness such as Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Depression.”

Amazonian Entheogens or Psychedelic Plant Medicine hold great potential for the treatment of U.S. Military Veterans, and applying this through small group indigenous shamanic ceremonies, holds space to guide survivors into a journey within themselves for those seeking therapeutic healing for specific treatment-resistant illnesses such as Complex-Post-traumatic Stress Disorder or C-PTSD; Military Sexual Trauma or MST; and Traumatic Brain Injury or TBI. 

Trust and safety are the key components to the overall success of Psychedelic Plant Medicine.

“The most important tool used by shamans is the icaro. These traditional songs sung or whistled by shamans before, during, and after an ayahuasca ceremony not only comprise the setting of the experience, they also positively influence the internal landscape of a person’s psyche. While we’re still trying to understand icaros in therapeutic terms, there’s no doubt that these songs play a vital role in the healing aspects of ayahuasca.”

“The most important tool used by shamans is the icaro. These traditional songs sung or whistled by shamans before, during, and after an ayahuasca ceremony not only comprise the setting of the experience, they also positively influence the internal landscape of a person’s psyche. While we’re still trying to understand icaros in therapeutic terms, there’s no doubt that these songs play a vital role in the healing aspects of ayahuasca.”

I feel that the answers to all of the world’s problems lie within the world’s rainforests, specifically the Amazon Rainforest. There is much more to learn about Psychedelic Plant Medicine and questions to be answered used for the healing of the United States Military Veteran Community.

Some questions that I have for the scientific community that has yet to be researched are:

  1. If different parts of the same ayahuasca plant are said to cause different experiences with the same user; could these different parts of the same plant be used to treat different illnesses? 

  2. Would cultivation and/or harvesting of the ayahuasca vine at different periods of the plant’s growth cause a different experience for the user or could it be used to treat different illnesses? IE. CBD vs CBG?

  3. Does adding the ayahuasca vine with various admixtures beyond the charunca leaf be used to treat other specific illnesses? IE. Cancer, or Stroke.

  4. Can different lineages of the ayahuasca vine be used to treat more specific illnesses? IE. Alzheimer’s, or Parkinson’s Disease.

  5. Will the consumption of ayahuasca brew in an “extreme environment” such as “high-altitude environments” cause a warp-speed healing event in patients/users such as someone with a traumatic brain injury or brain damage caused by stroke? (I already know the answer to this, to be revealed at a later time).

  6. If ayahuasca, psilocybin mushrooms, and San Pedro Cactus or “huacuma” were to be administered in a clinical setting, even as a microdose; then combined with a “simulated extreme environment”, such as Hyper-Baric Oxygen Therapy or HBOT which is used to promote neurogenesis in the brain after TBI; could these variables also play a role in the “warp-speed” healing of neurogenesis on the brain and body?

Ayahuasca inhibits various parts of the brain associated with cognitive flexibility. It produces structural changes within the brain that are responsible for activity within 24 hours of ayahuasca consumption which leads to positive increases in cognitive flexibility. Results show that mindfulness is beneficial and lasting to the first-time or experienced ayahuasca user. Ayahuasca’s use allows the loosening of one’s cognitive grip which helps alleviate the feeling of being stuck and the depression associated with similar behavioral patterns (Murphy-Beiner & Soar, 2020). 

Ayahuasca inhibits various parts of the brain associated with cognitive flexibility. It produces structural changes within the brain that are responsible for activity within 24 hours of ayahuasca consumption which leads to positive increases in cognitive flexibility. Results show that mindfulness is beneficial and lasting to the first-time or experienced ayahuasca user. Ayahuasca’s use allows the loosening of one’s cognitive grip which helps alleviate the feeling of being stuck and the depression associated with similar behavioral patterns (Murphy-Beiner & Soar, 2020). 

My wish is that with my own scientific field research I can solve problems; provide the answers to some of these scientific questions; and do my part in guiding others within my own United States Military Veteran Community and the world, to realize the full potential of Entheogen Therapy or Psychedelic Plant Medicine from the Amazon Rainforest.

United States Air Force Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom Combat Veteran Melanie Boling in the Peruvian Andes as part of her scientific research for Harvard University, where she is pursuing a Masters Degree in Neuropsychology; and Graduate Certificate in Environmental Policy and International Development. Boling is an Extreme (ICE) Environments Behavioural Ecologist for her NGO, Peer Wild (Imagery Beyond Borders, January 2021).

United States Air Force Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom Combat Veteran Melanie Boling in the Peruvian Andes as part of her scientific research for Harvard University, where she is pursuing a Masters Degree in Neuropsychology; and Graduate Certificate in Environmental Policy and International Development. Boling is an Extreme (ICE) Environments Behavioural Ecologist for her NGO, Peer Wild (Imagery Beyond Borders, January 2021).

Would you like to know more?

Be sure to read back on all of our articles about Entheogen Therapy or Psychedelic Plant Medicine derived from the scientific paper,Reported results of Amazonian Entheogens for treatment of Complex-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD); Military Sexual Trauma (MST); and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) among U.S. Military Veterans and the benefits of application through small group indigenous shamanic ceremonies.”


References:

Boling, Melanie. (2021). Melanie Noelani Boling. Imagery Beyond Borders. https://imagerybeyondborders.org

Boling, Melanie (2021). Reported results of Amazonian Entheogens for treatment of Complex-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD); Military Sexual Trauma (MST); and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) among U.S. Military Veterans and the benefits of application through small group indigenous shamanic ceremonies. The Amazon Rainforest: From Conservation to Climate Change-research. Harvard Summer School, August 9, 2021.

Murphy-Beiner, A, and K Soar. “Ayahuasca’s ‘Afterglow’: Improved Mindfulness and Cognitive Flexibility in Ayahuasca Drinkers.” Psychopharmacology 237, no. 4 (April 2020): 1161–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-019-05445-3.

Plotkin, M. J. (2021). The Amazon: What everyone needs to know. Chapter 8 seminar. Lecture notes The Amazon Rainforest: From Conservation to Climate Change- seminar. Harvard Summer School. Delivered 3 August 2021.

“Veterans Are Turning to Ayahuasca for PTSD Relief.” Accessed July 15, 2021. https://www.vice.com/en/article/a3kaye/veterans-are-turning-to-ayahuasca-for-ptsd-relief.


About the author:

Melanie began attending Harvard in 2020 to complete a Graduate Certificate in Human Behavior with a specialization in Neuropsychology. Boling’s research has examined extreme environments and how they can have a potential negative impact on humans operating in the extreme environment. During her time at Harvard, she has built a mental wellness tool called a psychological field kit. Implementing these tools will allow an individual to thrive in an extreme environment while mitigating negative variables such as abnormal human behavior which can play a role in team degradation.

Melanie Boling, Extreme (ICE) Environments Behavioural Ecologist, Peer Wild and Graduate Student of Neuropsychology, Harvard University.

Melanie Boling, Extreme (ICE) Environments Behavioural Ecologist, Peer Wild and Graduate Student of Neuropsychology, Harvard University.

Amazonian Entheogen Therapy for the treatment of U.S. Military Veterans: Part One // Melanie Boling, Harvard University.

Reported results of Amazonian Entheogens for treatment of Complex-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD); Military Sexual Trauma (MST); and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) among U.S. Military Veterans and the benefits of application through small group indigenous shamanic ceremonies.

Ayahuasca or the Banisteriopsis caapi vine, a traditional plant medicine. This hallucinogenic liana or “woody vine” is also known as “the liana of the soul; liana of the dead; or spirit liana”. Lianas are a climbing vine found throughout the world’s tropical rainforests.

Ayahuasca or the Banisteriopsis caapi vine, a traditional plant medicine. This hallucinogenic liana or “woody vine” is also known as “the liana of the soul; liana of the dead; or spirit liana”. Lianas are a climbing vine found throughout the world’s tropical rainforests.

Introduction

Ayahuasca, a hallucinogenic liana from the Amazon Rainforest is also known as the “vine of the soul” (McKenna, 2004). Ayahuasca contains b-carboline alkaloids and are “potent monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) inhibitors” (McKenna, 2004) and when the vine is combined with another plant such as the Psychotria Viridis or Charuna Leaf which contains N-dimethyltryptamine or DMT, it will produce strong short-term hallucinogenic effects to its consumer. 


Serotonin levels in the brain increase due to b-carbolines and the sedative effects of high doses of b-carbolines are a “result from their blockade of serotonin deamination ” (McKenna, 2004).


This recipe is unique because ayahuasca is the only entheogen where “the enzyme-inhibiting principles in one plant are used to facilitate the oral activity of the psychoactive principles in another plant” (McKenna, 2004) and the effects can be felt anywhere from 30-60 minutes after ingestion of the brew.

“Ayahuasca brew consists of the ayahuasca vine or Banisteriopsis caapi and an admixture like the chacruna leaves or Psychotria viridis. Ayahuasca effects are caused by the synergistic interaction of β-carbolines (harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroarmine) contained in Banisteriopsis caapi stalks combined with the N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) from Psychotria viridis leaves, a potent agonist to serotonin (5-HT) receptors”.

“Ayahuasca brew consists of the ayahuasca vine or Banisteriopsis caapi and an admixture like the chacruna leaves or Psychotria viridis. Ayahuasca effects are caused by the synergistic interaction of β-carbolines (harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroarmine) contained in Banisteriopsis caapi stalks combined with the N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) from Psychotria viridis leaves, a potent agonist to serotonin (5-HT) receptors”.

The effects of an ayahuasca journey are subjective to the individual and produce a dream-like state that ranges from euphoric to outright terror. 

It has been said that different parts of the same exact ayahuasca plant can bring about a different hallucinogenic experience to the same user (Plotkin, 2021). Questions have been asked; however, research has yet to take place in order to understand the various different admixtures for this Amazonian liana.

Different lineages of ayahuasca could potentially treat more specific illnesses such as cancer or stroke just as it has proven positive results, time and again, for treatment-resistant health issues such as Addiction or Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, especially in United States Military Veterans.


A growing number of U.S. Veterans have sought alternative means of therapeutic relief through entheogens with positive results; though, the challenge that does remain is that more legitimate clinical studies must be conducted by the scientific community in order to gain support for the legalization in the United States so more people can reap the benefits of plant medicine.


Would you like to know more?

Be sure to read back on all of our articles about Entheogen Therapy or Psychedelic Plant Medicine derived from the scientific paper, “Reported results of Amazonian Entheogens for treatment of Complex-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD); Military Sexual Trauma (MST); and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) among U.S. Military Veterans and the benefits of application through small group indigenous shamanic ceremonies.


References:

Boling, Melanie (2021). Reported results of Amazonian Entheogens for treatment of Complex-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD); Military Sexual Trauma (MST); and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) among U.S. Military Veterans and the benefits of application through small group indigenous shamanic ceremonies. The Amazon Rainforest: From Conservation to Climate Change-research. Harvard Summer School, August 9, 2021.

McKenna, Dennis J. “Clinical Investigations of the Therapeutic Potential of Ayahuasca: Rationale and Regulatory Challenges.” Pharmacology & Therapeutics 102, no. 2 (May 2004): 111–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.03.002.

Plotkin, M. J. (2021). The Amazon: What everyone needs to know. lecture notes The Amazon Rainforest: From Conservation to Climate Change- seminar. Harvard Summer School. Delivered July 2021.


About the author:

Melanie began attending Harvard in 2020 to complete a Graduate Certificate in Human Behavior with a specialization in Neuropsychology. Boling’s research has examined extreme environments and how they can have a potential negative impact on humans operating in the extreme environment. During her time at Harvard, she has built a mental wellness tool called a psychological field kit. Implementing these tools will allow an individual to thrive in an extreme environment while mitigating negative variables such as abnormal human behavior which can play a role in team degradation.

Melanie Boling, Extreme (ICE) Environments Behavioural Ecologist, Peer Wild; and Graduate Student of Neuropsychology, Harvard University.

Melanie Boling, Extreme (ICE) Environments Behavioural Ecologist, Peer Wild; and Graduate Student of Neuropsychology, Harvard University.

contact: melanie.noelani@gopeerwild.org

contact: melanie.noelani@gopeerwild.org

PSA from The Sea Wolf Pack // gopeerwild.org

“Only use cruelty-free sunblock on your skin; otherwise you’re rubbing shark liver (squalene) all over your body.” - Mia B.

There you have it. 🚫🦈🧴

The founders of Peer Wild on the shores of the Salish Sea in Gig Harbor, Washington.

The founders of Peer Wild on the shores of the Salish Sea in Gig Harbor, Washington.

Art Therapy and Peer Wild // Melanie Boling, Behavioural Ecologist, Peer Wild.

Melanie Boling and “Road Rash”, a two piece set of acrylic on canvas.

Melanie Boling and “Road Rash”, a two piece set of acrylic on canvas.

I have recently updated my fine artwork collection here on the Imagery Beyond Borders website. Please use the drop-down link in the upper right corner to find the fine art folder. All pieces are for sale and 100% of profits go directly toward art therapy programs offered through my family’s international NGO, Peer Wild.

Peer Wild empowers kids to find and use their voice through heart-centered storytelling and stewardship of their own backyard.

Peer Wild was born in 2017 after my children and I attended a Military Family Healing Adventure in Park City, Utah. Outdoor Therapy retreats have been an investment I have made into our own military family since 2013.

The Peer Wild Pilot-Program will eventually take place in the Hawai’i and Pacific Northwest, U.S.A . Once Canada opens back up (for good I hope), British Columbia is also on our list

Over the past few years, our NGO program has evolved into me teaching local indigenous children about photojournalism and conservation through the use of instant film cameras. This has taken place while I am in the field conducting research around the globe.

This idea came directly from my daughters back in 2019, and over the years we built an entire NGO based upon that foundational idea. How many kids do you know that dream up an entire NGO program at the ripe age of 9 and 10 years old? I just so happen to know two - and what amazing kids they are.

Our philosophy at Peer Wild is that “in this black and white world, to feel life in color”.

Art Therapy is something I have practiced since I was a child, and well into adulthood. As I have raised my own daughters, I have always integrated art therapy into my own parenting mindset. Raising my children utilizing art therapy has helped me guide my daughters to become the amazing humans that they are today.

Every kid deserves the opportunity to learn all about their own backyard and how to protect it.

Every kid deserves the opportunity to make art.

I feel it’s only right to share our family’s amazing gift with kids all around the world.

If you would like to support our NGO beyond purchasing a painting, we accept donations of instant film cameras and instant film. Our current lineup features Fuji Instax and Vintage Kodak Polaroid cameras. Tax-free monetary donations are welcome also.

More to come about Peer Wild in the coming months.


About the author:

Melanie began attending Harvard in 2020 to complete a Graduate Certificate in Human Behavior with a specialization in Neuropsychology. Boling’s research has examined extreme environments and how they can have a potential negative impact on humans operating in the extreme environment. During her time at Harvard, she has built a mental wellness tool called a psychological field kit. Implementing these tools will allow an individual to thrive in an extreme environment while mitigating negative variables such as abnormal human behavior which can play a role in team degradation.

Melanie Noelani Boling, Extreme (ICE) Environments Behavioural Ecologist, Peer Wild; and Graduate Student of Neuropsychology, Harvard University.

Melanie Noelani Boling, Extreme (ICE) Environments Behavioural Ecologist, Peer Wild; and Graduate Student of Neuropsychology, Harvard University.

contact: melanie.noelani@gopeerwild.org

contact: melanie.noelani@gopeerwild.org